PHRA PATHOM CHEDI.
About 60km to the West of Bangkok, in the town of Nakhon Pathom, stands probably the earliest Buddhist monument in Thailand, Phra Pathom Chedi. A few years ago, I had the great pleasure of visiting this place of worship and (even) took some photos. Recently, a friend sent me an official guide, published by the 'Office of Utility Management and Maintenance of the Great Pagoda'. Now that I have scanned in a few of my photos, I thought I'd take the opportunity of presenting a little tour to indicate especially how old are the roots of Buddhism in Thailand and also how the Buddha Dhamma can be seen in practice in such places. The historical notes are taken from the official guide.The roots of this pagoda are over 2000 years old. During his reign in India in the 3rd Century before Jesus Christ (B.C.), Emperor Asoka sent out missionaries to lands far away. One of these was what is presently Thailand, at that time called Suvarnaphumi. The evidence for this has been provided by the discovery of stone wheels of law (Dharmachakra), carved altars and the Buddha's footprints, all of which preceded the making of the first Buddha rupas (images) in 143 B.C. Phra Pathom Chedi means 'The First Stupa' (Phra used here as emphasis for the sense of 'holy'). The original stupa was 39 metres high and built in the style of the great stupa at Sanchi. It is considered sacred since it contains some relics of the Buddha Gotama that were brought over by the early missionaries. The orginal monument is still there, but has since been built over and restored under the guidance of various monarchs. This is indeed a very special chedi for the rulers of Thailand, since it has been the royal tradition the reigning monarch must offer candles and joss sticks whenever passing Phra Pathom Chedi.
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 28 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2554
LEGEND
He is a legend of a rogue prince and his legend. By the creation of the first is the Phra Pathom Chedi. Srivijaya ruler of the city. Or along a city. Pa Thao Lee, Michael. Son named "God is the" queen of the difficulty with one son. The astrologer has predicted that the child was actually a lot of merit. I was going to be doing Pitu at Father. When it was difficult to know the fear. The child is made to kill them. But his wife do not have a child going to "kiss her" old lady with a pet duck. Which was raised in a young child until the child has a hat to make her move to the city of Sukhothai, Sukhothai was the elephant king is heat Rampant attacks chasing people. Chang, no one can vanquish them. But the child can catch the elephant has bravely Sukhothai, which God knows. Grace was adopted as patron. And later sent to their country. The child to the house of seven clerks. And Cidkarใhye. The gang are about 40,000 people come home, kiss her, then sent a letter to the difficulty of. Challenge to the act Iuthheete well. And the child was killed in the most difficult. Some legends say. The child is adopted by Phraya Ratchaburi This year will bring flowers for flower offering gold to the Lord. Which dominate the town of Kanchanaburi. But the child said. Ratchaburi should be free to send tribute. Was difficult to see that. Phraya Ratchaburi is a rebel army to attack the town of Ratchaburi. Phraya Ratchaburi was appointed to the child as a military commander and the combat action Iuthheete. To be the child's teeth until the scythe of death. Then, the child had troops invaded in Kanchanaburi His wife was arrested and sent it as their own. The fact that she is the mother while the mother is invaded up to the castle. They invent a fairy mother goat was sleeping way up the stairs. When the child was walking up the stairs. The goats are going to have two of them spoke to the son of a goat, it is implied. "I am the beast. He ignored us. Let alone what we do. Even if you are a mother, wife, "When I felt the child was immediately suspect. We pray that the mother did. "If this woman is the mother's milk to flow out of both Tan" at the end of the prayer that the flow out of it. In fact, the mother asked the child. I know who killed their father would be very sad. The move threw the wrong scent. The fragrance captures her killed. By bringing the bodies to the vultures in pecking food. Incident, the man took the child as "rogue prince" because his father was killed and a bully and a sweet bike, killing her grave sin. Later, a meeting to vote on whether to do a charity thing. The sins of the palliative It was agreed that it would be a big pagoda, while doves soar high. I have moderate This makes it possible to know the origin of the myth of the creation of Phra Pathom Chedi. And the legendary creation of artifacts in Buddhism. The evidence appears to Wat Don Yai Hom. Nakhon Pathom by the former abbot of Wat Don Yai Hom called "my money," he excavated the ruins of a brick in the soil. Green stone and two-sided etch the pattern on the pole to fall, with deer stone pillar with a door that's important for the Ashoka Stupa. "Wat Don Yai Hom" This is a sacred place. There is evidence that the former old temple. Dvaravati from over a thousand years old. Wat Don Yai Hom is associated with the "kiss her" do not have conclusive evidence. But at the court of her skin. And it was rumored that there were people in the temple to experience the sweet spirit she was. The staff at Wat Don Yai Hom. The old woman was walking up to strangers on the court, she often fragrant. I could not find anyone to watch. Make sure that I must be the spirit of her sweet indeed. This is a wonderful story that makes people believe that the Genesis. Her sweet spirit will not go anywhere. The Genesis will have to tell a story about her grandson a pair of spirit. Who suffer before dying a miserable fate. This happened within the palace court Mon Palace of King Rama Rama 6 ordered it built in 2450 in the presence of the soul that occurs in about 40 years ago on a "bridge Chakri Yatra", an ancient bridge built. In the year 2501 where there was a spirit moving with two children that she was still alive I was very poor. Is very difficult. Starve to live alone later when the two were not resistant depressed patients. She decided to kill them by hand to squeeze the neck until dead. Then she would commit suicide by. Death by hanging on the rail bridge Chakri Yatra. This is a horrible picture I was discredited not long into the night, I often have found it strange. For example, some people will hear the children cry, groan groan. Some people have seen shadows lower. The body of a woman holding a child sitting in the middle of the bridge. He even invited people to come together to make a spiritual and liturgical. I have already seen it. It is the spirit that it is Hean. And especially as death before the age of suicide is a sin as grave. Even dead, they do not have the spirit to be stuck at the place of the lifetime for the "death" to escape it. The fate of the suffering of the people. The karma in the past were. When the opportunity came to be patient claim deeds to the light. And a good alternative. When it comes to the life of this world we really are, "I ate," the painstaking accumulation of the page, which is the "home" of our real
He is a legend of a rogue prince and his legend. By the creation of the first is the Phra Pathom Chedi. Srivijaya ruler of the city. Or along a city. Pa Thao Lee, Michael. Son named "God is the" queen of the difficulty with one son. The astrologer has predicted that the child was actually a lot of merit. I was going to be doing Pitu at Father. When it was difficult to know the fear. The child is made to kill them. But his wife do not have a child going to "kiss her" old lady with a pet duck. Which was raised in a young child until the child has a hat to make her move to the city of Sukhothai, Sukhothai was the elephant king is heat Rampant attacks chasing people. Chang, no one can vanquish them. But the child can catch the elephant has bravely Sukhothai, which God knows. Grace was adopted as patron. And later sent to their country. The child to the house of seven clerks. And Cidkarใhye. The gang are about 40,000 people come home, kiss her, then sent a letter to the difficulty of. Challenge to the act Iuthheete well. And the child was killed in the most difficult. Some legends say. The child is adopted by Phraya Ratchaburi This year will bring flowers for flower offering gold to the Lord. Which dominate the town of Kanchanaburi. But the child said. Ratchaburi should be free to send tribute. Was difficult to see that. Phraya Ratchaburi is a rebel army to attack the town of Ratchaburi. Phraya Ratchaburi was appointed to the child as a military commander and the combat action Iuthheete. To be the child's teeth until the scythe of death. Then, the child had troops invaded in Kanchanaburi His wife was arrested and sent it as their own. The fact that she is the mother while the mother is invaded up to the castle. They invent a fairy mother goat was sleeping way up the stairs. When the child was walking up the stairs. The goats are going to have two of them spoke to the son of a goat, it is implied. "I am the beast. He ignored us. Let alone what we do. Even if you are a mother, wife, "When I felt the child was immediately suspect. We pray that the mother did. "If this woman is the mother's milk to flow out of both Tan" at the end of the prayer that the flow out of it. In fact, the mother asked the child. I know who killed their father would be very sad. The move threw the wrong scent. The fragrance captures her killed. By bringing the bodies to the vultures in pecking food. Incident, the man took the child as "rogue prince" because his father was killed and a bully and a sweet bike, killing her grave sin. Later, a meeting to vote on whether to do a charity thing. The sins of the palliative It was agreed that it would be a big pagoda, while doves soar high. I have moderate This makes it possible to know the origin of the myth of the creation of Phra Pathom Chedi. And the legendary creation of artifacts in Buddhism. The evidence appears to Wat Don Yai Hom. Nakhon Pathom by the former abbot of Wat Don Yai Hom called "my money," he excavated the ruins of a brick in the soil. Green stone and two-sided etch the pattern on the pole to fall, with deer stone pillar with a door that's important for the Ashoka Stupa. "Wat Don Yai Hom" This is a sacred place. There is evidence that the former old temple. Dvaravati from over a thousand years old. Wat Don Yai Hom is associated with the "kiss her" do not have conclusive evidence. But at the court of her skin. And it was rumored that there were people in the temple to experience the sweet spirit she was. The staff at Wat Don Yai Hom. The old woman was walking up to strangers on the court, she often fragrant. I could not find anyone to watch. Make sure that I must be the spirit of her sweet indeed. This is a wonderful story that makes people believe that the Genesis. Her sweet spirit will not go anywhere. The Genesis will have to tell a story about her grandson a pair of spirit. Who suffer before dying a miserable fate. This happened within the palace court Mon Palace of King Rama Rama 6 ordered it built in 2450 in the presence of the soul that occurs in about 40 years ago on a "bridge Chakri Yatra", an ancient bridge built. In the year 2501 where there was a spirit moving with two children that she was still alive I was very poor. Is very difficult. Starve to live alone later when the two were not resistant depressed patients. She decided to kill them by hand to squeeze the neck until dead. Then she would commit suicide by. Death by hanging on the rail bridge Chakri Yatra. This is a horrible picture I was discredited not long into the night, I often have found it strange. For example, some people will hear the children cry, groan groan. Some people have seen shadows lower. The body of a woman holding a child sitting in the middle of the bridge. He even invited people to come together to make a spiritual and liturgical. I have already seen it. It is the spirit that it is Hean. And especially as death before the age of suicide is a sin as grave. Even dead, they do not have the spirit to be stuck at the place of the lifetime for the "death" to escape it. The fate of the suffering of the people. The karma in the past were. When the opportunity came to be patient claim deeds to the light. And a good alternative. When it comes to the life of this world we really are, "I ate," the painstaking accumulation of the page, which is the "home" of our real
วันพุธที่ 10 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2554
THAILAND'S FIRST FEMALE PRIME MINISTER.
Shinawatra is looking to become the first female Prime Minister of Thailand. After Sunday's political past, she received a majority vote of the general elections across the country. It's official vote count is still not completed. But more than 90 percent of the ballots to be counted on Sunday. You look great. Party for the seat of Thailand's 262 seats out of 500 seats in the council. "The first thing I would do it. To help the Thai people's economy, "she said on the Sunday evening. And refused to declare victory. Until the official vote count is completed, the previous Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has said, you look great. Won, then we look Shinawatra, the little sister of former Prime Minister of Thailand has been the most popular one is that the former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was expelled from the country by the revolution in 2006, two years later. He was accused in a matter of a conflict of interest. Allegation he denies to this day. The former president's flag was waving in the air, cool flick the outside of the Thai people. Have your child wear a shirt that looks much closer to the stage where it is celebrated on the outside of the building. Critics worry that You will look to do what her brother is trying to address. She has always been rejected. Even before she declared victory speeches. Brother of her own accommodation in Dubai, commented, "I will tell them that. I want to go back. But I will wait for the right timing and situation, "Thaksin told reporters. Thai Party, to be zealous in the background. And want him back. "The yellow shirts" that had gathered to oust Thaksin from power. Will do everything to prevent such things happening. I was talking to my sister about this? CNN reporters have asked me three days before the election. "I can not do anything special for my brother and me. As long as your brother still in the process. We will be under the law, "the appearance of the votes of 47 million votes of eligible votes in the election on Sunday in the past. While this is being finalized to announce the voting results as the first time since the 2007 election where that will end years of conflict, disharmony between the political parties, two poles, which points to the event. the year, with the protests that became a critical "The toughest job I have to do in the future. The well-being of all people of Thailand, "said the look on Sunday. "There are many things that I need to finish. In order to accomplish the reconciliation. This will lay a solid foundation to move the nation towards prosperity, "the tension between the Thai Democrat Party, which split reflects a deep-rooted in Thai society erupted a year ago. When the protests until the government of Prime Minister privileges led to the clearance of more than 90 people were killed and hundreds injured after riots, the Thai government has committed to work to enter the process of national reconciliation. In order to heal the divide in society. The political division. Although the political schism between the two poles are vast. Thai people have the right to vote, many people worry about the economic crisis over the issue. They want leaders to bridge the gap between the income they get with the soaring cost of living is higher than the rocket down. "I like free education. I care for the elderly. In fact, it's all just a good party. But the question is. They will make those plans a reality, not a "you wish to believe Mr. Shi said that she is working outside the election booths. After she was dismissed from the position of Secretary to the mother of four who became a thing without the shopping cart on the street. Trying to make money for free. Among the hatred between the two parties. But both parties have promised the community that are similar: the economy, better education and an increase in the concrete of the minimum wage - what voters want to hear, but ... Analysts said that the meta. New project will require more money than the country can acquire Pong Su Lim, Director of the Center for Government strategic planning. Bangkok University, said both parties would have to promise not to do so. "It is something we have to spend between 1.5 trillion to 7.5 trillion baht (49,000 million -244 000 million U.S. dollars)," with these programs, which are sited around 5 times the budget. Country ... I mean that. Our country will be bankrupt within a year, "he said.
Shinawatra is looking to become the first female Prime Minister of Thailand. After Sunday's political past, she received a majority vote of the general elections across the country. It's official vote count is still not completed. But more than 90 percent of the ballots to be counted on Sunday. You look great. Party for the seat of Thailand's 262 seats out of 500 seats in the council. "The first thing I would do it. To help the Thai people's economy, "she said on the Sunday evening. And refused to declare victory. Until the official vote count is completed, the previous Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has said, you look great. Won, then we look Shinawatra, the little sister of former Prime Minister of Thailand has been the most popular one is that the former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was expelled from the country by the revolution in 2006, two years later. He was accused in a matter of a conflict of interest. Allegation he denies to this day. The former president's flag was waving in the air, cool flick the outside of the Thai people. Have your child wear a shirt that looks much closer to the stage where it is celebrated on the outside of the building. Critics worry that You will look to do what her brother is trying to address. She has always been rejected. Even before she declared victory speeches. Brother of her own accommodation in Dubai, commented, "I will tell them that. I want to go back. But I will wait for the right timing and situation, "Thaksin told reporters. Thai Party, to be zealous in the background. And want him back. "The yellow shirts" that had gathered to oust Thaksin from power. Will do everything to prevent such things happening. I was talking to my sister about this? CNN reporters have asked me three days before the election. "I can not do anything special for my brother and me. As long as your brother still in the process. We will be under the law, "the appearance of the votes of 47 million votes of eligible votes in the election on Sunday in the past. While this is being finalized to announce the voting results as the first time since the 2007 election where that will end years of conflict, disharmony between the political parties, two poles, which points to the event. the year, with the protests that became a critical "The toughest job I have to do in the future. The well-being of all people of Thailand, "said the look on Sunday. "There are many things that I need to finish. In order to accomplish the reconciliation. This will lay a solid foundation to move the nation towards prosperity, "the tension between the Thai Democrat Party, which split reflects a deep-rooted in Thai society erupted a year ago. When the protests until the government of Prime Minister privileges led to the clearance of more than 90 people were killed and hundreds injured after riots, the Thai government has committed to work to enter the process of national reconciliation. In order to heal the divide in society. The political division. Although the political schism between the two poles are vast. Thai people have the right to vote, many people worry about the economic crisis over the issue. They want leaders to bridge the gap between the income they get with the soaring cost of living is higher than the rocket down. "I like free education. I care for the elderly. In fact, it's all just a good party. But the question is. They will make those plans a reality, not a "you wish to believe Mr. Shi said that she is working outside the election booths. After she was dismissed from the position of Secretary to the mother of four who became a thing without the shopping cart on the street. Trying to make money for free. Among the hatred between the two parties. But both parties have promised the community that are similar: the economy, better education and an increase in the concrete of the minimum wage - what voters want to hear, but ... Analysts said that the meta. New project will require more money than the country can acquire Pong Su Lim, Director of the Center for Government strategic planning. Bangkok University, said both parties would have to promise not to do so. "It is something we have to spend between 1.5 trillion to 7.5 trillion baht (49,000 million -244 000 million U.S. dollars)," with these programs, which are sited around 5 times the budget. Country ... I mean that. Our country will be bankrupt within a year, "he said.
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 24 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2554
** 23 กรกฏาคม เผยความรู้สึกญาติทหารผู้กล้า ภูมิใจสละชีพเพื่อแผ่นดินญาติผู้เสียชีวิตจากเหตุแบล็กฮอว์กตกเผยเสียใจมาก แต่ภูมิใจที่สละชีพเพื่อชาติ
ภารกิจการค้นหาเฮลิคอปเตอร์แบล็กฮอว์กที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุขาดการติดต่อไป เมื่อวันอังคารที่ 19 กรกฎาคมที่ผ่านมาสิ้นสุดลง หลังจากมีรายงานเมื่อวานนี้ (22 กรกฎาคม) ว่า พบเฮลิคอปเตอร์แบล็กฮอว์กลำที่ประสบเหตุแล้วในฝั่งพม่าห่างจากชายแดนไทย 300 เมตร และห่างจากจุดที่ ฮ.ฮิวอี้ ลำแรกตกประมาณ 200 เมตร แต่ที่น่าสลดใจก็คือ ผู้โดยสารเฮลิคอปเตอร์ลำดังกล่าวทั้ง 9 ชีวิตเสียชีวิตยกลำ แม้ว่าก่อนหน้านี้ บรรดาญาติพี่น้องผองเพื่อนของทหารทั้ง 8 นาย และช่างภาพสถานีโทรทัศน์ช่อง 5 จะสวดมนต์ภาวนา และขอให้เกิดปาฏิหาริย์ขึ้นกับผู้กล้าทั้ง 9 คนสักครั้ง แต่สุดท้ายก็ไม่เป็นผล
หลังจากข่าวคราวการเสียชีวิตของทั้ง 9 คน ถูกแจ้งไปยังญาติพี่น้องที่มารอเฝ้าฟังข่าว ทุกคนต่างอยู่ในอารมณ์เดียวกัน คือ โศกเศร้าเสียใจกับการจากไปอย่างกะทันหัน แต่ก็รู้สึกภูมิใจที่เป็นการสละชีพเพื่อชาติ
อย่างเช่น นางเขี่ยม เจียมสูงเนิน วัย 79 ปี มารดา พ.ต.ประพันธ์ เจียมสูงเนิน นักบินที่ 1 ประจำเฮลิคอปเตอร์แบล็กฮอว์ก ให้สัมภาษณ์ผู้สื่อข่าวด้วยสีหน้าเศร้าสร้อยว่า รู้สึกเสียใจอย่างมากกับการจากไปของลูกชาย แต่ก็ดีใจที่ลูกชายตายเพื่อชาติ ที่ผ่านมาได้ติดตามข่าวมาโดยตลอด และสวดมนต์ภาวนาตลอดว่า อย่าให้ลูกเสียชีวิต แต่สุดท้ายก็มาทราบข่าวว่าลูกจากไปแล้ว รู้สึกใจหายและเสียใจเป็นที่สุด และถ้าวิญญาณของลูกยังรับรู้ได้อยากบอกลูกว่า ขอให้ลูกไปดี ลูกได้ทำเพื่อชาติเพื่อแผ่นดินของเราแล้ว พร้อมได้กล่าวขอขอบคุณประชาชนทุกคนที่ให้กำลังใจและเอาใจช่วยมาโดยตลอด ส่วนการบำเพ็ญกุศลก็จะต้องปรึกษากันก่อนว่าจะทำอย่างไรต่อไป
"ลูกชายคนนี้เป็นคนดีมาก และเป็นลูกชายคนเดียวของครอบครัว เขาตั้งใจและรักในอาชีพทหารอย่างมาก เป็นคนดี รักพี่และครอบครัวเสมอต้นเสมอปลาย รักพ่อรักแม่มากกว่าชีวิตของตัวเอง ตอนนี้แม่ก็เริ่มทำใจได้บ้างแล้ว แต่ก็ยังคิดถึงลูกชายอยู่ มีลูกชายคนเดียวเป็นที่ภาคภูมิใจของพ่อแม่และครอบครัว ก็ขอให้ลูกไปดี" นางเขี่ยมกล่าวพร้อมถือภาพลูกไว้ตลอด
ขณะที่ชาวบ้านหลายสิบคนในหมู่บ้านหนองคันชั่ง จังหวัดสุรินทร์ ได้พากันเดินทางไปยังบ้านเลขที่ 63 ม.8 บ.หนองคันชั่ง ต.พระแก้ว อ.สังขะ จ.สุรินทร์ ซึ่งเป็นบ้านของ จ.ส.อ.สมคิด วงษ์ตาแสง อายุ 31 ปี ช่างเครื่องของเฮลิคอปเตอร์แบล็กฮอว์กที่เสียชีวิตจากเหตุการณ์ดังกล่าว เพื่อให้กำลังใจ นายบัณฑิต วงษ์ตาแสง น้องชายของ จ.ส.อ.สมคิด วงษ์ตาแสง พร้อมกับช่วยกันเตรียมสถานที่ไว้เตรียมจัดงานศพทันทีที่ศพมาถึง
โดย นายบัณฑิต วงษ์ตาแสง น้องชาย จ.ส.อ.สมคิด ผู้เสียชีวิต ได้นำรูปพี่ชายที่รับพระราชทานปริญญาบัตร จากสมเด็จพระบรมโอรสธิราชฯ สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร จากมหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช เมื่อปี 2549 รวมทั้งรูปที่พี่ชายสวมชุดราชการทหารต่าง ๆ สมัยยังมีชีวิตอยู่ ออกมาทำความสะอาดเพื่อเตรียมตั้งหน้าศพ
ด้าน พล.ต.อัคร ทิพโรจน์ รอง ผอ.กอ.รมน.ภาค 4 ส่วนหน้า ในฐานะเพื่อนร่วมเตรียมทหาร รุ่น 15 ของ พล.ต.ตะวัน กล่าวว่า ขอแสดงความเสียใจต่อครอบครัวของ พล.ต.ตะวัน และผู้เสียชีวิตในเหตุเดียวกันอย่างสุดซึ้ง เนื่องจากก่อนหน้านี้ พล.ต.ตะวันและเจ้าหน้าที่ได้เข้าไปให้ความช่วยเหลือชาวบ้านในพื้นที่ภาคใต้มาแล้ว โดยเชื่อว่าชาวบ้านในพื้นที่ภาคใต้ทุกคนจะร่วมกันระลึกถึงความดีที่ทุกท่านได้สร้างไว้
ขณะที่ พล.ต.ไพบูลย์ คุ้มฉายา รองแม่ทัพภาคที่ 1 และอดีต ผบ.พล.1 รอ.กล่าวในฐานะเพื่อน ตท.15 ว่า รู้สึกเสียดายมากที่สูญเสียเพื่อนคนนี้ ตท.รุ่น 15 ทั้งรุ่นก็รักเขาจริง ๆ ไม่ใช่รักแบบพูด ทุกคนที่รู้ว่าเสีย พล.ต.ตะวัน นั้นคือเราเสียคนที่ทำงานให้กับกองทัพและบ้านเมือง เพราะตั้งแต่เขาเป็นผู้บังคับกองพัน ผู้บังคับการกรมทหารพรานที่ 14 (ทพ.14) เขาแสดงให้เราเห็นว่าทุกจุดบริเวณชายแดนเขาเดินทุกจุด เห็นทุกที่มีความมุ่งมั่นในการทำงาน เขาดูแล พล.ร.9 หรือชายแดนเราไม่ห่างเลย เพราะเขาอยู่ในพื้นที่ตลอด เรื่องส่วนตัวก็ไม่เคยเสียหาย
"ตะวันจับงานนี้เพราะห่วงลูกน้องในเฮลิคอปเตอร์ฮิวอี้ที่ตก เขาจึงทำภารกิจนี้ด้วยตัวเองจนนาทีสุดท้าย เพราะเขาเป็นคนมุ่งมั่น เด็ดเดี่ยว มีความเป็นทหารอาชีพ รับทำงานปฏิบัติสั่ง 1 ได้ 2 หรือทำเกินที่เราสั่งเกิน 100% ดังนั้นไม่ต้องห่วงว่าตะวันจะไม่ทำงานให้เรา คนคนนี้เขาทำเกินกว่าที่เราต้องการอีก ตะวันเป็นคนแบบนี้ ตลอดทั้งในหน้าที่หรือกับเพื่อนฝูง มีน้ำใจมาตลอด เขาจึงเป็นเพื่อนที่ดี เป็นนายทหารที่ดีของกองทัพ" เพื่อน ตท.15 ระบุ
วันพุธที่ 13 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Juillet 14 Jour national de la France.
La classe moyenne joue un rôle important dans le changement de gouvernement. En raison de ces bien-instruits, des gens aisés, mais pas de droits politiques, ce qui équivaut à la classe. L'élite aristocratique. Je veux changer l'ancien système. Le pouvoir économique et maintenez-le en rejoignant la révolution en Amérique. L'essence de la théorie que les puissants. En isolant la foire du thé humaine. Et deux érudits de l'époque est Voltaire et Montesquieu sont enseignés la théorie du public. Pendant ce temps, un Québec de West Lafayette (marquis de la Fayett) qui soutiennent la guerre contre les colons britanniques en Amérique pour gagner. Présenté cette idée a été publiée, le peuple de France. Luttant pour réclamation. Assurez-vous que les droits et les libertés encore plus. Plusieurs centaines d'années. La France est une règle absolue. Jusqu'à la fin du 16ème siècle, coïncidant avec le règne du roi Louis 16 de la dynastie des Bourbons. (Bourbon) du pays au sein du Royaume-Uni. D'usurper la colonie. Insolvabilité financière du pays. Il ya une pénurie de personnes restent démunis. Mais d'autre part. Cour d'avoir la classe de luxe, la noblesse a été exonéré de l'impôt des personnes qui sont pauvres, il doit être laminé par la fiscalité lourde. Qui provoque le ressentiment énorme.La classe moyenne joue un rôle important dans le changement de gouvernement. En raison de ces bien-instruits, des gens aisés, mais pas de droits politiques, ce qui équivaut à la classe. L'élite aristocratique. Je veux changer l'ancien système. Le pouvoir économique et maintenez-le en rejoignant la révolution en Amérique. L'essence de la théorie que les puissants. En isolant la foire du thé humaine. Et deux érudits de l'époque est Voltaire et Montesquieu sont enseignés la théorie du public. Pendant ce temps, un Québec de West Lafayette (marquis de la Fayett) qui soutiennent la guerre contre les colons britanniques en Amérique pour gagner. Présenté cette idée a été publiée, le peuple de France. Luttant pour réclamation. Assurez-vous que les droits et les libertés encore plus.En Juin de 1789 personnes, ce qui est absolument pathétique. La prédation a envahi les maisons de l'aristocratie. Paris a une commotion dans la classe moyenne se sont réunis pour rejoindre les troupes de la Garde nationale. Avec la population carcérale Bastil Jersey. Quel est égale à celle Pour libérer le pouvoir du gouvernement par des rois. Représente une grande révolution. Et le monde entier. L'impact de l'événement s'est étendu à d'autres pays en Europe. Surtout en Russie. La première phase de l'année révolutionnaire 1791, la Constitution a été utilisé. Le roi et le Parlement, il doit être sous une seule assemblée législative. Prolétariat rôle dans le gouvernement. Mais avec la crainte que Le renversement de la monarchie. Elle se répand à travers l'Europe. Les troupes prussiennes et autrichiennes attaquer les Français, mais sans succès. Le législateur, par conséquent, annuler. La monarchie et une république le 20 Septembre 1792, et le nouveau, et en 1793 ils exécutent Dieu et de Marie-Louise. Venez poser vos questions, je mis à mort par la guillotine, bien que la révolution va réussir. Mais la plupart des gens ont toujours le même revenu. Le gouvernement vise également à saisir l'avantage. Il ya des gens qui cherchent le pouvoir. Outil. Le respect pour le public. Et le pouvoir du gouvernement vient en son propre. C'est la personne de Napoléon Bonaparte logiciel.Napoléon est devenu un héros national en raison de l'échec du gouvernement, s'imposant comme chef de son armée. La défaite en Australie en 1797, et sa propagation à travers l'Europe jusqu'en l'année 1804 s'étaient établis. L'empereur Napoléon, et essayé d'occuper. La Russie a une guerre avec la Russie, et la première fois. Napoléon a perdu. Les personnes qui vivent sous la domination de la France, a été encouragé à résister. Quand Napoléon. A été exilé à l'île d'Al. Le roi Louis est de retour, mais juste un court règne de Napoléon en 1815 échappe dos. Encore une fois, et s'est déclaré empereur. Mobiliser l'armée contre les Alliés et la guerre, à Waterloo. France a été vaincue, mais il fait Napoléon a été emprisonné sur l'île de Sainte-Hélène. Marque la fin du marché. Seulement 100 jours, le trône de Napoléon. Il est mort sur l'île. En l'an 1821 le roi Louis le 18 de retour sur le trône à nouveau. Mais son frère est. Lord Charles, 10, essayait de faire revivre l'ancien système à nouveau. Donc, il ya une autre révolution. Le roi Louis-Philippe, qui a servi en tant que roi. Ont été déportés et plus tard avec la création. La Chine est n ° 2 avec le coup d'Etat de Louis Napoléon lui-même mis en place. Empereur. Il fait une forte sécurité nationale française et tout est en bon état et a été étendu aux pays coloniaux. En 1860 le roi Louis Napoléon. Empereur de la création française au Mexique, mais n'a pas réussi parce que les Etats-Unis s'opposaient à la guerre avec la Prusse et de l'autre. La France a été le perdant de nouveau, et doit atterrir dans la région jusqu'à un an, la Russie, la Thaïlande, avec laquelle il doit renoncer au trône. En l'an 1875 avec la fondation de la Française est la troisième génération de Napoléon terminée. Les Français sont très sensibles à la perte de terres, l'invasion coïncidant avec la seconde guerre mondiale comme une raison de faire du mal en France, n'est plus disponible après la signature de l'armistice a été annoncé que la liberté et de Vinchy France. Sans l'aide. Des différents partenaires. En Septembre 1944, le général Charles de Glasgow. Il a également servi comme chef de gouvernement en 1946, l'ère de la République 4. Durant l'année 1946-1958, le général de Glasgow à tenir une position de leadership nouveau. Pendant la crise en Algérie, il rejoint la France et la France est un pays avec sociales La transition vers une économie. Le développement économique et technologique. Et la France a été à bien des égards, elle est acceptée par le peuple en eux. L'établissement français. La République est le cinquième depuis 1958 - présent. Plus tard, le gouvernement de Paris pour protester contre la décision du gouvernement d'admettre que la réforme du droit constitutionnel, le général de Glasgow a démissionné de son poste.
La classe moyenne joue un rôle important dans le changement de gouvernement. En raison de ces bien-instruits, des gens aisés, mais pas de droits politiques, ce qui équivaut à la classe. L'élite aristocratique. Je veux changer l'ancien système. Le pouvoir économique et maintenez-le en rejoignant la révolution en Amérique. L'essence de la théorie que les puissants. En isolant la foire du thé humaine. Et deux érudits de l'époque est Voltaire et Montesquieu sont enseignés la théorie du public. Pendant ce temps, un Québec de West Lafayette (marquis de la Fayett) qui soutiennent la guerre contre les colons britanniques en Amérique pour gagner. Présenté cette idée a été publiée, le peuple de France. Luttant pour réclamation. Assurez-vous que les droits et les libertés encore plus. Plusieurs centaines d'années. La France est une règle absolue. Jusqu'à la fin du 16ème siècle, coïncidant avec le règne du roi Louis 16 de la dynastie des Bourbons. (Bourbon) du pays au sein du Royaume-Uni. D'usurper la colonie. Insolvabilité financière du pays. Il ya une pénurie de personnes restent démunis. Mais d'autre part. Cour d'avoir la classe de luxe, la noblesse a été exonéré de l'impôt des personnes qui sont pauvres, il doit être laminé par la fiscalité lourde. Qui provoque le ressentiment énorme.La classe moyenne joue un rôle important dans le changement de gouvernement. En raison de ces bien-instruits, des gens aisés, mais pas de droits politiques, ce qui équivaut à la classe. L'élite aristocratique. Je veux changer l'ancien système. Le pouvoir économique et maintenez-le en rejoignant la révolution en Amérique. L'essence de la théorie que les puissants. En isolant la foire du thé humaine. Et deux érudits de l'époque est Voltaire et Montesquieu sont enseignés la théorie du public. Pendant ce temps, un Québec de West Lafayette (marquis de la Fayett) qui soutiennent la guerre contre les colons britanniques en Amérique pour gagner. Présenté cette idée a été publiée, le peuple de France. Luttant pour réclamation. Assurez-vous que les droits et les libertés encore plus.En Juin de 1789 personnes, ce qui est absolument pathétique. La prédation a envahi les maisons de l'aristocratie. Paris a une commotion dans la classe moyenne se sont réunis pour rejoindre les troupes de la Garde nationale. Avec la population carcérale Bastil Jersey. Quel est égale à celle Pour libérer le pouvoir du gouvernement par des rois. Représente une grande révolution. Et le monde entier. L'impact de l'événement s'est étendu à d'autres pays en Europe. Surtout en Russie. La première phase de l'année révolutionnaire 1791, la Constitution a été utilisé. Le roi et le Parlement, il doit être sous une seule assemblée législative. Prolétariat rôle dans le gouvernement. Mais avec la crainte que Le renversement de la monarchie. Elle se répand à travers l'Europe. Les troupes prussiennes et autrichiennes attaquer les Français, mais sans succès. Le législateur, par conséquent, annuler. La monarchie et une république le 20 Septembre 1792, et le nouveau, et en 1793 ils exécutent Dieu et de Marie-Louise. Venez poser vos questions, je mis à mort par la guillotine, bien que la révolution va réussir. Mais la plupart des gens ont toujours le même revenu. Le gouvernement vise également à saisir l'avantage. Il ya des gens qui cherchent le pouvoir. Outil. Le respect pour le public. Et le pouvoir du gouvernement vient en son propre. C'est la personne de Napoléon Bonaparte logiciel.Napoléon est devenu un héros national en raison de l'échec du gouvernement, s'imposant comme chef de son armée. La défaite en Australie en 1797, et sa propagation à travers l'Europe jusqu'en l'année 1804 s'étaient établis. L'empereur Napoléon, et essayé d'occuper. La Russie a une guerre avec la Russie, et la première fois. Napoléon a perdu. Les personnes qui vivent sous la domination de la France, a été encouragé à résister. Quand Napoléon. A été exilé à l'île d'Al. Le roi Louis est de retour, mais juste un court règne de Napoléon en 1815 échappe dos. Encore une fois, et s'est déclaré empereur. Mobiliser l'armée contre les Alliés et la guerre, à Waterloo. France a été vaincue, mais il fait Napoléon a été emprisonné sur l'île de Sainte-Hélène. Marque la fin du marché. Seulement 100 jours, le trône de Napoléon. Il est mort sur l'île. En l'an 1821 le roi Louis le 18 de retour sur le trône à nouveau. Mais son frère est. Lord Charles, 10, essayait de faire revivre l'ancien système à nouveau. Donc, il ya une autre révolution. Le roi Louis-Philippe, qui a servi en tant que roi. Ont été déportés et plus tard avec la création. La Chine est n ° 2 avec le coup d'Etat de Louis Napoléon lui-même mis en place. Empereur. Il fait une forte sécurité nationale française et tout est en bon état et a été étendu aux pays coloniaux. En 1860 le roi Louis Napoléon. Empereur de la création française au Mexique, mais n'a pas réussi parce que les Etats-Unis s'opposaient à la guerre avec la Prusse et de l'autre. La France a été le perdant de nouveau, et doit atterrir dans la région jusqu'à un an, la Russie, la Thaïlande, avec laquelle il doit renoncer au trône. En l'an 1875 avec la fondation de la Française est la troisième génération de Napoléon terminée. Les Français sont très sensibles à la perte de terres, l'invasion coïncidant avec la seconde guerre mondiale comme une raison de faire du mal en France, n'est plus disponible après la signature de l'armistice a été annoncé que la liberté et de Vinchy France. Sans l'aide. Des différents partenaires. En Septembre 1944, le général Charles de Glasgow. Il a également servi comme chef de gouvernement en 1946, l'ère de la République 4. Durant l'année 1946-1958, le général de Glasgow à tenir une position de leadership nouveau. Pendant la crise en Algérie, il rejoint la France et la France est un pays avec sociales La transition vers une économie. Le développement économique et technologique. Et la France a été à bien des égards, elle est acceptée par le peuple en eux. L'établissement français. La République est le cinquième depuis 1958 - présent. Plus tard, le gouvernement de Paris pour protester contre la décision du gouvernement d'admettre que la réforme du droit constitutionnel, le général de Glasgow a démissionné de son poste.
วันพุธที่ 15 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2554
RHINE FALL*
The Rhine Falls were formed in the last ice age, approximately 14,000 to 17,000 years ago, by erosion- resistant rocks narrowing the riverbed. The first glacial advances created today's landforms approximately 500,000 years ago. Up to the end of the Wolstonian Stage approximately 132,000 years ago, the Rhine flowed westwards from Schaffhausen past Klettgau. This earlier riverbed later filled up with gravel.About 132,000 years ago the course of the river changed southwards at Schaffhausen and formed a new channel, which also filled up with gravel. Part of the Rhine today includes this ancient riverbed.During the Würm glaciation, the Rhine was pushed far to the south to its present course, over a hard Late Jurassic limestone bed. As the river flowed over both the hard limestone and the easily-eroded gravel from previous glaciations, the current waterfall formed about 14,000 to 17,000 years ago. The Rheinfallfelsen, a large rock, is the remnant of the original limestone cliff flanking the former channel. The rock has eroded very little over the years because relatively little sediment comes down the Rhine from Lake Constance.
The Rhine Falls were formed in the last ice age, approximately 14,000 to 17,000 years ago, by erosion- resistant rocks narrowing the riverbed. The first glacial advances created today's landforms approximately 500,000 years ago. Up to the end of the Wolstonian Stage approximately 132,000 years ago, the Rhine flowed westwards from Schaffhausen past Klettgau. This earlier riverbed later filled up with gravel.About 132,000 years ago the course of the river changed southwards at Schaffhausen and formed a new channel, which also filled up with gravel. Part of the Rhine today includes this ancient riverbed.During the Würm glaciation, the Rhine was pushed far to the south to its present course, over a hard Late Jurassic limestone bed. As the river flowed over both the hard limestone and the easily-eroded gravel from previous glaciations, the current waterfall formed about 14,000 to 17,000 years ago. The Rheinfallfelsen, a large rock, is the remnant of the original limestone cliff flanking the former channel. The rock has eroded very little over the years because relatively little sediment comes down the Rhine from Lake Constance.
SCHAFFHAUSEN*
Schaffhausen was a city state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins from 1045. About 1050 the counts of Nellenburg founded the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, which became the center of the town. Perhaps as early as 1190, certainly in 1208, it was an imperial free city, while the first seal dates from 1253. The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor Rudolf I gave the town a charter of liberties. In 1330 the emperor Louis of Bavaria pledged it to the Habsburgs. In the early 15th century, Habsburg power over the city waned. By 1411 the guilds ruled the city. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.The Reformation was adopted, initially, in 1524 and completely in 1529. The town was heavily damaged during the Thirty Years' War from the passage of Swedish (Protestant) and Bavarian (Roman Catholic) troops and the very important bridge was burnt down. It was not till the early 19th century that the arrested industrial development of the town took a fresh start.In 1857 the first railroad, the Rheinfall-Bahn running from Winterthur, reached Schaffhausen.
Schaffhausen was a city state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins from 1045. About 1050 the counts of Nellenburg founded the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, which became the center of the town. Perhaps as early as 1190, certainly in 1208, it was an imperial free city, while the first seal dates from 1253. The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor Rudolf I gave the town a charter of liberties. In 1330 the emperor Louis of Bavaria pledged it to the Habsburgs. In the early 15th century, Habsburg power over the city waned. By 1411 the guilds ruled the city. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.The Reformation was adopted, initially, in 1524 and completely in 1529. The town was heavily damaged during the Thirty Years' War from the passage of Swedish (Protestant) and Bavarian (Roman Catholic) troops and the very important bridge was burnt down. It was not till the early 19th century that the arrested industrial development of the town took a fresh start.In 1857 the first railroad, the Rheinfall-Bahn running from Winterthur, reached Schaffhausen.
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